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Here are the first six terms of a quadratic sequence

10 19 34 55 82 115

Find an expression, in terms of n, for the nth term of this sequence.

User Trichner
by
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1 Answer

6 votes

Answer:

nth term = 3n² + 7

Explanation:

  • We can represent the nth term of a quadratic sequence as
    an² + bn + c where a, b and c are constants
  • Plug in the given values for the first second and third terms (n = 1, 2 and 3) and solve for a, b and c to get the general expression for the nth term
  • For n = 1,
    an² + bn + c = a(1²) + (1)b + c
    => a + b + c = 10 [1]
  • For n = 2,
    an² + bn + c = a(2²) + (2)b + c = 19
    => 4a + 2b + c = 19 [2]
  • Subtract [1] from [2] to get
    4a + 2b + c - (a + b + c) = 19 - 10
    => 4a + 2b + c - a - b - c = 9
    => 4a - a + 2b - b + c - c = 9
    => 3a + b = 9 [3]

  • For n = 3,
    an² + bn + c = a(3²) + (3)b + c
    => 9a + 3b + c = 34
  • 9a + 3b = 3(3a + b) by factoring out 3
  • So
    9a + 3b + c = 34 becomes
    3(3a + b) + c = 34

  • From eq 3 we have 3a + b = 9
    Substituting for 3a + b we get
    3(9) + c = 34
    => 27 + c = 24
    => c = 34 - 27= 7

  • Plug this value of c into equation [1], a + b + c = 10 to get
    => a + b + 7 = 10
    => a + b = 10 - 7
    => a + b = 3 [4]
  • We have equations 3 and 4 as
    3a + b = 9 [3]
    a + b = 3 [4]

  • Subtract equation [4] from [3] to get
    [3] - [4]
    => 3a + b - (a + b) = 9 - 3
    => 2a + 0 = 6
    => a = 6/2 = 3

  • Plug the values of a = 3 and c = 7 into equation 1 to solve for b
    a + b + c = 10
    3 + b + 7 = 10
    10 + b = 10
    b = 0

  • So the quadratic sequence nth term is given by the expression
    3n² + 0n + 7

    which simplifies to
    3n² + 7


User Chulian
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