Final answer:
The nitrophenol standard curve in this experiment is generated by plotting the volume of NaOH added on the x-axis against the pH on the y-axis, and is used to determine the equivalence point and appropriate acid-base indicators.
Step-by-step explanation:
In this experiment, the nitrophenol standard curve is generated by plotting the pH of a solution against the volume of titrant added. The x-axis represents the Volume of 0.100 M NaOH added (mL), and the y-axis represents the pH of the solution. As NaOH is added, the pH of the solution changes. Initially, the pH rises slowly, then more rapidly at the equivalence point, where stoichiometrically equivalent amounts of acid and base have been mixed, and finally levels off after the equivalence point has been passed.
This type of graph is a classic representation of an acid-base titration and is essential for determining the equivalence point, which is indicated by the sharp rise in pH. The graph also includes color change ranges for acid-base indicators like methyl orange, litmus, and phenolphthalein, which help in picking the correct indicator for a given titration.