Answer:
Shakespeare develops these universal themes in these excerpts primarily through Macbeth's inner conflict and moral dilemma.
The conflict between loyalty and betrayal is shown in Macbeth's descriptions of Duncan, as he ponders whether to kill the king who is his guest and liege. Macbeth weighs his loyalty to Duncan against his thirst for power and betrayal of that loyalty. As he says:
Is this a dagger which I see before me,
The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee.
I have thee not, and yet I see thee still.
The quest for power is central to Macbeth's motives for murdering Duncan. By becoming king, Macbeth hopes to gain more power and secure his future, despite betraying his loyalty. References to Duncan's murder, like "the great doom’s image" and "things ill done", highlight how Macbeth's actions are driven by his ruthless ambition.
The external conflicts between Macbeth and Duncan or the guards are secondary. They represent the consequences and fallout of Macbeth's inner turmoil and power-hungry motives. But they are not the primary drivers of the key themes in these excerpts. Shakespeare develops the themes through Macbeth's soliloquies, showing his consistent struggle with whether to commit regicide to fulfill his vaulting ambition.
The excerpts themselves focus that developing struggle, not the external conflicts. So in summary, Shakespeare uses Macbeth's moral dilemma and motives to deeply explore the themes of loyalty vs betrayal and quest for power.
Step-by-step explanation: