Final answer:
Taxes can be categorized based on whom or what they are levied on, such as payroll tax on wages, property tax on real estate, corporate tax on company profits, sales tax on goods and services, excise tax on specific goods, and gift tax on asset transfers without adequate compensation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The various types of taxes described in the sentences can be determined based on their distinct characteristics. Payroll tax is a tax levied on an employee's wages and is used to fund social insurance programs like Social Security and Medicare. Property tax is typically a local tax imposed on the value of the real estate owned by an individual or business. Corporate tax, also known as corporate income tax, is a tax on a company's profits.
Sales tax is collected by state and local governments and applied to the sale of goods and services. An excise tax is a tax imposed on specific goods, such as gasoline, tobacco, and alcohol. Lastly, the gift tax is a tax on assets transferred to another person without adequate compensation, typically during one's lifetime.