Answer: The groups who participate in armed rebellion against an established authority, government, or administration with the hope that those in power will retreat or pull out are called "insurgents."
Insurgency is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has been the subject of much debate and analysis in the field of law and international relations. Insurgents are groups or individuals who seek to challenge the authority of an established government or administration through the use of armed rebellion or other forms of violent resistance.
Insurgency can take many forms, ranging from small-scale, localized movements to large-scale, organized rebellions that span entire countries or regions. Insurgents often see themselves as fighting for a just cause, whether that be political, social, or economic, and believe that the use of force is necessary to achieve their goals.
From a legal perspective, the status of insurgents is complex and controversial. International law does not explicitly recognize insurgents as a distinct category of actors, and the legal status of insurgents can vary depending on the specific circumstances of the conflict in question.
In some cases, insurgents may be considered to be combatants and therefore entitled to the protections of the laws of war. This may be the case if the insurgents meet certain criteria, such as wearing distinctive uniforms, carrying their weapons openly, and operating under a command structure.
However, in other cases, insurgents may be considered to be civilians who have taken up arms against the government, in which case they would not be entitled to the same protections as combatants. Additionally, the use of tactics such as terrorism or targeting civilians can lead to insurgents being classified as criminals rather than combatants.
In any case, the use of insurgency as a tactic is generally seen as a last resort, to be employed only when all other means of achieving political or social change have been exhausted. Insurgency is often accompanied by significant human suffering and can have a profound impact on the stability and security of the affected region or country.