Final answer:
Extensive research, including studies by Anderson and Bushman, indicate that violent video games are linked to increased aggression, though causation regarding physical violence or criminal behavior remains uncertain. Debate and further studies continue to explore the complex relationship between video games and violent behaviors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question of whether video games promote violence has been a topic of extensive debate and research. Evidence gathered by psychologists such as Anderson and Bushman indicates that there are causal linkages between violent video game use and aggression. This is demonstrated by immediate increases in hostile thoughts, aggressive emotions, and physiological arousal which could potentially increase the likelihood of aggressive behavior following violent video game play.
However, other studies highlight the complex nature of this relationship, noting that while there is a correlation between violent video game play and aggressive tendencies, there is "scant evidence" to prove that video games directly cause physical violence or criminal behavior. Furthermore, the debate continues as some research, like the meta-analysis by Savage, could not conclusively link the viewing of violence to committing criminal violence, despite increased aggression and desensitization in some individuals.
Thus, answers like those found in multiple-choice question (d) 'violent video games lead to an increase in aggressive thought and behavior' represent the current understanding that video games are associated with an increase in aggression, but do not conclusively cause violent criminal actions. The overall impact and extent of media socialization, including video games, on violent behavior remain subjects of ongoing research and discussion.