Step-by-step explanation:
2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) is an uncoupler that disrupts the normal process of oxidative phosphorylation in cells. In the presence of DNP, the energy produced by the electron transport chain is dissipated as heat, rather than being used to generate ATP (the primary source of energy for cells). This has two main effects that can explain the weight loss and higher than normal body temperature observed in people who took the drug:
1. Increased energy expenditure: Since DNP causes the energy produced by the electron transport chain to be dissipated as heat, the body is forced to burn more calories in order to produce the same amount of ATP as it would in the absence of DNP. This can lead to weight loss, as the body is using more energy than it is taking in from food.
2. Increased body temperature: Since the energy produced by the electron transport chain is being dissipated as heat, this can lead to an increase in body temperature. This effect can be especially pronounced in individuals who take high doses of DNP or who have impaired liver function, as the drug can accumulate in the body and cause excessive heat production.
Both of these effects of DNP are potentially dangerous, as they can lead to severe overheating, dehydration, and even death. In addition, DNP has other toxic effects on the body, such as causing damage to the liver and other organs, and is no longer used as a weight-loss drug.