Answer:
Cultures are not just different in their details, but also in their fundamental beliefs and values. This is evident in the assumptions about gender, class, religion, and race that are portrayed in the literature of different cultures. For instance, in the selection "The Tale of Genji" by Murasaki Shikibu, the assumption about gender is that women are expected to be submissive and obedient to men. This is reflected in the portrayal of the female characters, who are often depicted as being passive and docile, and their worth is measured by their beauty and chastity.
Similarly, class status is a crucial aspect of Japanese culture, as seen in the social hierarchy depicted in "The Tale of Genji." The aristocracy is portrayed as superior to the common people, and their status is determined by birth rather than merit. The rigid social hierarchy is reflected in the character's behavior and interactions, where deference to those of higher rank is expected, and those of lower rank are expected to show respect and obedience.
Religion also plays a significant role in shaping cultural beliefs and practices. In the poem "Sweet Like a Crow" by Michael Ondaatje, the speaker explores the intersection of religion and culture. The poem highlights the contrast between the Christian and Hindu beliefs of the speaker's mother and father, respectively. The speaker's mother's Christian faith is depicted as being more restrictive and judgmental, while the father's Hindu faith is portrayed as more accepting and tolerant.
In conclusion, cultures are not just different in their details, but also in their fundamental beliefs and values. Assumptions about gender, class status, religion, and race are integral to cultural identity and shape the way people behave and interact. Literature, such as "The Tale of Genji" and the poem "Sweet Like a Crow," offer insights into the complexities of cultural differences and the significance of these assumptions in shaping cultural identity.