Answer:
The two key dimensions of organizational structure that are relevant for innovation are formalization and centralization.
Formalization refers to the extent to which an organization's processes, procedures, and rules are standardized and explicitly documented. Centralization, on the other hand, refers to the degree to which decision-making authority is concentrated at the top of the organizational hierarchy, rather than distributed throughout the organization.
Formalization can influence innovativeness in a business in several ways. On one hand, highly formalized organizations may have well-established processes and procedures that make it difficult to deviate from the status quo and pursue innovative ideas. However, formalization can also provide a framework for innovation by creating clear guidelines for experimentation and providing a structured approach to the development of new products or services. For example, a pharmaceutical company that follows strict protocols for testing new drugs may have a greater likelihood of successfully bringing a new product to market.
Centralization can also have an impact on innovativeness in a business. In highly centralized organizations, decision-making authority is concentrated at the top of the hierarchy, which may make it difficult for employees at lower levels to propose and implement innovative ideas. However, centralization can also provide a clear direction for innovation and facilitate the allocation of resources toward new initiatives. For example, a technology company that is highly centralized may be better able to focus its resources on a particular area of innovation, such as artificial intelligence.
In general, a balance between formalization and centralization may be ideal for promoting innovativeness in a business. By providing a structured approach to innovation while also empowering employees at all levels to propose and implement new ideas, organizations can create an environment that fosters creativity and experimentation while also maintaining a clear direction for the future.