Question

1. padding at a full speed is putting new demands on a Joe's body. what are these new demands and how does the body respond to them?

2. what changes in Joe's muscles promote unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin for use by the muscle cells when paddling?

3. what conflict is produced between Joe's need to keep his body cool and his need to remove his nitrogenous waste from his blood? what did he do before the race to help alleviate this conflict?

4. Joe stopped paddling and his muscles are at rest. why are his heart and breathing rates still so high?

5. why is he sweating more after the race than during the race?

6. what changes have occurred in his blood chemistry since the start of the race?​

Answer 1

1. Paddling at full speed is putting new demands on Joe's body, which include an increased demand for oxygen and energy, as well as an increased production of waste products such as lactic acid. The body responds to these demands by increasing the rate of respiration and heart rate to deliver more oxygen to the muscles and remove waste products more quickly.

2. Changes in Joe's muscles promote unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin for use by the muscle cells when paddling. These changes include a decrease in pH due to the production of lactic acid, which causes hemoglobin to release oxygen more readily. Additionally, the increase in temperature of the muscle tissue also promotes the unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin.

3. Joe's need to keep his body cool conflicts with his need to remove his nitrogenous waste from his blood. To help alleviate this conflict before the race, Joe likely hydrated himself and wore lightweight, breathable clothing to help regulate his body temperature. During the race, Joe may have also used a cooling towel or other methods to help keep his body cool.

4. Joe's heart and breathing rates are still high after stopping paddling because his body is still working to remove waste products such as lactic acid from his muscles. Additionally, the body is still working to restore oxygen levels to normal and to remove excess heat generated by the muscles during the exercise.

5. Joe is sweating more after the race than during the race because his body is still working to remove excess heat generated by the muscles during the exercise. Additionally, the body continues to produce sweat after exercise to help regulate body temperature and remove waste products.

6. Several changes have occurred in Joe's blood chemistry since the start of the race, including a decrease in pH due to the production of lactic acid, an increase in carbon dioxide due to increased respiration, and a decrease in oxygen levels due to increased use by the muscles. Additionally, Joe's body may be producing more red blood cells to help transport oxygen to the muscles more efficiently.

Answer 2

1. When paddling at full speed, Joe's body demands an increased supply of oxygen to fuel the working muscles. The body responds by increasing the heart rate and breathing rate to deliver more oxygen to the muscles. The body also needs to regulate its temperature, which increases as a result of the energy expended during paddling. This puts a demand on the body to cool down through sweating and increased blood flow to the skin.

2. During paddling, Joe's muscles undergo changes that promote unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin for use by the muscle cells. These changes include an increase in temperature, acidity, and levels of carbon dioxide. These changes cause hemoglobin to release oxygen more readily, allowing the working muscles to extract more oxygen from the blood.

3. Joe's need to keep his body cool conflicts with his need to remove his nitrogenous waste from his blood. Nitrogenous waste, such as urea, is produced by the breakdown of proteins in the muscles and needs to be removed from the blood by the kidneys. Sweating helps to cool the body down but also removes water from the body, which can make it harder for the kidneys to filter nitrogenous waste. Before the race, Joe may have increased his water intake to help alleviate this conflict and ensure proper kidney function.

4. Even when Joe's muscles are at rest, his heart and breathing rates remain high because his body is still working to recover from the intense exercise. The increased heart rate helps to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the muscles, while the increased breathing rate helps to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products from the body.

5. Joe is sweating more after the race than during the race because his body is still trying to cool down and regulate its temperature. The increased sweating helps to remove excess heat from the body, which was generated during the intense exercise.

6. Several changes have occurred in Joe's blood chemistry since the start of the race. These include an increase in levels of lactate and carbon dioxide, which are waste products produced by the muscles during intense exercise. There may also be a decrease in pH levels due to the build-up of acid in the blood. Additionally, Joe's blood glucose levels may have decreased as a result of the energy used during the race.

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