False. Pakistan did not support the Taliban against the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The Taliban did not exist until the 1990s, after the end of the Cold War. However, Pakistan did provide support to mujahideen groups that were fighting against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan during the 1980s. The mujahideen groups were not the same as the Taliban, but they did include some of the individuals who later became leaders of the Taliban. Pakistan's support for the mujahideen was part of a larger effort by the United States and its allies to support anti-Soviet forces in Afghanistan during the Cold War.