The first voyage to suggest the existence of Antarctica was that of the English explorer Captain James Cook, who circumnavigated the continent in 1773-1775. Cook did not actually see the continent, but he circumnavigated the waters around it and noted the presence of icebergs and pack ice, which led him to speculate that a large landmass must be nearby. The first confirmed sightings of Antarctica itself were made in 1820 by Russian and British expeditions, and the first landing on the continent was made in 1895 by a Norwegian expedition led by Carsten Borchgrevink.