Answer: D. Volcanic eruptions can wipe out ecosystems, decreasing ecosystem stability.
Explanation: Volcanic eruptions can have devastating effects on the surrounding ecosystems. They can cause widespread destruction of habitats, including forests and marine environments, and kill off many organisms. Volcanic ash and gas emissions can also damage crops and other vegetation, leading to food shortages and economic disruption. While some ecosystems may eventually recover from volcanic eruptions, the initial impact is often severe and can have long-lasting effects on ecosystem stability.