Question

How is cytokinesis in plants and animal cells in mitosis different? How is cytokinesis in sperm and egg cells in meiosis different?

Answer 1

1st question;Plant cytokinesis is centrifugal in nature, the cytoplasmic division starts at the center of the cell and moves towards the cell wall. Animal cytokinesis is centripetal in nature, the cytoplasmic division starts at the edges of the cell at the plasma membrane and moves towards the center.

2nd; Gametogenesis differs between the sexes. In the male, the production of mature sperm cells, or spermatogenesis, results in four haploid gametes, whereas, in the female, the production of a mature egg cell, oogenesis, results in just one mature gamete.

Answer 2

Cytokinesis differs in plant and animal cells; animals form a cleavage furrow while plants build a cell plate. Additionally, mitosis yields two diploid cells, whereas meiosis results in four haploid gametes. Spindle fiber attachment is distinct between mitosis and meiosis, reflecting the differences in chromosomal separation.

Step-by-step explanation:

Cytokinesis in plant and animal cells during mitosis differs significantly due to their structural differences. In animal cells, cytokinesis is characterized by the formation of a cleavage furrow. This furrow is formed by the contraction of an actin ring that pinches the cell into two separate daughter cells. On the other hand, in plant cells, a cell plate is formed along the cell's equator. Subsequently, a new plasma membrane and cell wall are synthesized on both sides of the cell plate, leading to the formation of two separate daughter cells. This difference is primarily because plant cells have a rigid cell wall that prevents the formation of a cleavage furrow.

In the case of meiosis in sperm and egg cells, cytokinesis differs from mitotic cytokinesis in that it results in the production of haploid gametes. Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division, meiosis I and meiosis II, resulting in four haploid daughter cells from a single diploid parent cell. These cells have half the number of chromosomes, providing genetic diversity during sexual reproduction. In contrast, mitosis results in two genetically identical diploid daughter cells, maintaining chromosomal consistency for growth and tissue repair.

Mitosis results in two daughter cells, whereas meiosis leads to four. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate, while meiosis II separates sister chromatids, similar to mitotic anaphase. The spindle fiber attachment is also different. In mitosis and meiosis II, spindle fibers attach to kinetochores on sister chromatids. However, during meiosis I, spindle fibers attach to kinetochores on homologous chromosomes instead of sister chromatids.