Answer:
a. The given molecular formula of the akene is C22H40. When it undergoes ozonolysis, it gives two products with the same molecular formula C22H40, which are functional isomers of each other. These two isomers are 1-octene and 9-octene.
The two-step chemical equation for the conversion of the akene into 1-octene and 9-octene is as follows:
Step 1: Ozonolysis of the akene to form ozonides
C22H40 + 3O3 → C22H40O3 + 3O2
Step 2: Reduction of the ozonides to form 1-octene and 9-octene
C22H40O3 + 6H2O → 3C8H16 + 3C8H18O
b. The structural formula of the two isomers 1-octene and 9-octene are as follows:
1-octene: CH3(CH2)6CH=CH2
9-octene: CH3(CH2)4CH=CH(CH2)2CH3
They are called functional isomers because they have the same molecular formula but different functional groups. In this case, both isomers have an alkene functional group, but they differ in the position of the double bond.
c. When hydrogen gas in the presence of a nickel catalyst is passed over X, it undergoes hydrogenation to form a saturated compound Y. The chemical equation for the reaction is as follows:
X + H2 → Y
d. One way to prove that the compound X is unsaturated is by performing the bromine water test. Bromine water is a reddish-brown solution of bromine in water. When added to an unsaturated compound, it undergoes decolorization due to the addition of bromine across the double bond. If X is unsaturated, then it will decolorize bromine water, indicating the presence of a double bond.