Decide whether each geographic feature benefited the Old Kingdom, challenged the Old
Kingdom, or both.
Geographic feature
The deserts around the Old Kingdom
protected it from invaders. However,
the deserts were also barren and no
crops could grow there.
The Nile River provided fresh water for
growing crops and drinking.
The Mediterranean Sea allowed Egypt
to trade with Asia and Europe.
4
Benefited the Old
Kingdom
Challenged the Old
Kingdom