Treatment options for bladder cancer can include surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy to kill cancer cells, radiation therapy to destroy cancer cells, or immunotherapy to help the body's immune system fight the cancer. The treatment plan will depend on the stage and grade of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences. The cause of bladder cancer is not always clear, but it has been linked to smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, and chronic bladder inflammation. The physician may use a cystoscopy to check for recurrences of the tumor. During a cystoscopy, a thin tube with a camera is inserted into the bladder through the urethra, allowing the physician to visualize the bladder and check for any signs of cancer.