Final answer:
The function of the protein labeled A is to act as a transmembrane protein, spanning the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
Step-by-step explanation:
The protein labeled A in the diagram is a transmembrane protein. Transmembrane proteins span the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane and have hydrophilic regions that interact with both the extracellular and intracellular environments of the cell. These proteins play important roles in transporting materials across the cell membrane and are involved in cell signaling and communication.