Answer: Surah An-Nisa is the fourth chapter of the Quran and consists of 176 verses. It covers a range of topics related to social justice, family life, and women's rights. Some of the key teachings from this chapter include:
1. Upholding justice and fairness: The Surah emphasizes the importance of treating others justly, even if they belong to a different religion or tribe. It also condemns acts of aggression and injustice and encourages Muslims to stand up for justice, even if it goes against their own interests.
2. Respecting women's rights: The Surah acknowledges the rights of women in society, including their right to inheritance, marriage, and divorce. It also prohibits practices like forced marriage, female infanticide, and domestic violence.
3. Avoiding extremism and division: The Surah encourages Muslims to maintain unity and avoid extremism in their beliefs and actions. It also emphasizes the importance of peaceful coexistence with non-Muslims and respecting their beliefs.
One teaching from Surah An-Nisa that is often discussed in depth is the concept of guardianship, or wilayah, over women. In verse 34, the Surah states, "Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more strength than the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore, the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in the husband's absence what Allah would have them guard."
This verse has been the subject of much debate and interpretation, as some have argued that it promotes patriarchy and the subjugation of women. However, many Muslim scholars and commentators have provided a more nuanced understanding of the verse and its context.
For example, the renowned scholar Muhammad Asad notes that the word translated as "protectors" in this verse is actually derived from the Arabic word wali, which has a broader meaning than simply "guardian." According to Asad, the term wali "implies the idea of being responsible for the well-being of those who are under one's protection," and can include women's role as protectors and maintainers of their families as well.
Furthermore, many scholars have emphasized the importance of the qualifier "righteous women" in this verse, which suggests that a woman's obedience to her husband is only required if he is fulfilling his duties as a protector and provider. If a husband is abusive or neglectful, a woman is not obligated to obey him.
Explanation: The concept of wilayah in Surah An-Nisa highlights the importance of mutual care and protection in marriage and family life, rather than promoting the subjugation of women.