The alliance system that existed in Europe in 1914 was an important feature of the international system before the first world war. The Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria) promised to protect each other against the threats of the Allied Powers in the first world war3. Although alliances did not force countries into war in 1914, they did draw them into confrontation and conflict with their neighbors4. Therefore, the alliance system contributed to the outbreak of war by creating a complex network of alliances that made it difficult to contain conflicts between states.