There were a few factors that led to the rise of communism in Africa, but primarily it was due to the poverty and economic struggles faced by many people in rural areas. Many African economies were weak and relied heavily on the support of colonial powers or other nations, which often resulted in unequal distribution of resources and wealth. Additionally, many farmers and rural communities were left behind as industrialization took root in Africa, exacerbating poverty and hunger. Communist ideology appealed to many Africans as a way to combat these inequalities and address the needs of the poor and marginalized.