To calculate the percent yield of Alum, we need to know the actual yield and the theoretical yield of the reaction. The percent yield is then calculated using the formula:
Percent yield = (Actual yield / Theoretical yield) x 100%
The following errors could affect the calculated percent yield of Alum:
Some of the Alum crystals are lost during filtration
Effect: Decrease in percent yield
Explanation: If some of the Alum crystals are lost during filtration, the actual yield of the product will be lower than the theoretical yield. This will result in a decrease in the calculated percent yield.
The Alum crystals are not completely dry before weighing
Effect: Increase in percent yield
Explanation: If the Alum crystals are not completely dry before weighing, the crystals will contain some water. This will increase the weight of the crystals, and therefore increase the actual yield of the product. This will result in an increase in the calculated percent yield.
The reactants are not mixed thoroughly before the reaction
Effect: No effect on percent yield
Explanation: If the reactants are not mixed thoroughly before the reaction, the reaction may not go to completion and some of the reactants may be left unreacted. However, this will affect both the actual yield and the theoretical yield in the same way, resulting in no effect on the calculated percent yield.
The balance used to measure the mass of the Alum crystals is not calibrated properly
Effect: Uncertain effect on percent yield
Explanation: If the balance used to measure the mass of the Alum crystals is not calibrated properly, the measured mass may be either too high or too low. This will affect the actual yield of the product, which will affect the calculated percent yield. However, the direction and magnitude of the effect on the percent yield will be uncertain, since it depends on the direction and magnitude of the error in the measured mass.To calculate the percent yield of Alum, we need to know the actual yield and the theoretical yield of the reaction. The percent yield is then calculated using the formula:
Percent yield = (Actual yield / Theoretical yield) x 100%
The following errors could affect the calculated percent yield of Alum:
Some of the Alum crystals are lost during filtration
Effect: Decrease in percent yield
Step-by-step explanation: If some of the Alum crystals are lost during filtration, the actual yield of the product will be lower than the theoretical yield. This will result in a decrease in the calculated percent yield.
The Alum crystals are not completely dry before weighing
Effect: Increase in percent yield
Explanation: If the Alum crystals are not completely dry before weighing, the crystals will contain some water. This will increase the weight of the crystals, and therefore increase the actual yield of the product. This will result in an increase in the calculated percent yield.
The reactants are not mixed thoroughly before the reaction
Effect: No effect on percent yield
Explanation: If the reactants are not mixed thoroughly before the reaction, the reaction may not go to completion and some of the reactants may be left unreacted. However, this will affect both the actual yield and the theoretical yield in the same way, resulting in no effect on the calculated percent yield.
The balance used to measure the mass of the Alum crystals is not calibrated properly
Effect: Uncertain effect on percent yield
Explanation: If the balance used to measure the mass of the Alum crystals is not calibrated properly, the measured mass may be either too high or too low. This will affect the actual yield of the product, which will affect the calculated percent yield. However, the direction and magnitude of the effect on the percent yield will be uncertain, since it depends on the direction and magnitude of the error in the measured mass.