Answer:
In the Middle Ages, punishment of criminals was often brutal and public, with executions and physical mutilation used as deterrents for crimes. Punishments were often determined by the social status of the victim and the perpetrator, with harsher punishments reserved for crimes against the nobility. Policing methods were often carried out by a combination of the community and local authorities, who would rely on confessions and witness testimonies to identify and punish criminals.
In the nineteenth century, policing methods evolved to become more organized and professional, with the establishment of police departments and the use of new technologies such as fingerprinting and photography. Instead of relying solely on confessions and witness testimonies, the police used forensic evidence and scientific methods to investigate crimes and identify suspects. Punishments also became less brutal and more focused on rehabilitation, with the rise of penitentiaries and the use of imprisonment as a punishment.
While the punishments of the Middle Ages and the nineteenth century differed significantly, they both reflect the societal attitudes and beliefs of their respective times. In the Middle Ages, punishment was seen as a public spectacle and a way to deter future crimes, while in the nineteenth century, punishment was seen as a means of reforming criminals and preventing future offenses. Overall, the policing methods of punishing criminals evolved over time to reflect changes in societal attitudes and the advancement of technology and scientific methods.