1. The Second Northern War began, with Sweden launching a surprise attack on Poland-Lithuania.
2. The British captured the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam (modern-day New York City), renaming it New York.
3. French playwright and actor Molière premiered his play "L'Amour Médecin" (The Doctor in Love) in Paris.
4. Mathematician and physicist Christiaan Huygens discovered Saturn's largest moon, Titan.
5. In the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed IV became Sultan at the age of six, with his mother acting as regent.