Answer:
Option A
Step-by-step explanation:
Middle-level managers, such as department heads, team leaders, and supervisors, are responsible for implementing the strategies and policies set by upper-level managers. They require accurate and up-to-date information about their department's performance, employee productivity, and other critical data to make informed decisions. An MIS provides this information to middle-level managers in a timely and efficient manner, allowing them to monitor their department's performance, identify trends and patterns, and make informed decisions to achieve their departmental goals.
Middle-level managers also use MIS to identify and solve problems within their department, monitor employee productivity, and manage resources effectively. They use the system to generate reports, track key performance indicators (KPIs), and identify areas that require improvement. Overall, an MIS is a valuable tool for middle-level managers as it helps them make data-driven decisions that can improve their department's performance and contribute to achieving organizational goals.
Therefore, while upper-level managers also use MIS, middle-level managers can also benefit significantly from it, making Option A a valid answer to the question of who typically uses a management information system.