Manifest content refers to the actual, concrete storyline of a dream, while latent content is the hidden psychological meaning. In education, manifest functions are the expected outcomes, such as acquiring knowledge, whereas latent functions are the unintended consequences, such as socialization or creation of a societal hierarchy.
An example of manifest and latent content can be found in the realm of dream analysis, according to Sigmund Freud's theories. Manifest content is the actual storyline of a dream, such as a woman dreaming of being chased by a snake.
In terms of education, manifest functions are the explicit, recognized consequences of a social process, such as gaining knowledge and preparing for a career through college education.
Conversely, latent functions are the hidden, unexpected consequences of education, like making new friends, engaging in extracurricular activities, or the creation of a societal hierarchy based on the level of education attained.
Latent functions can be viewed as beneficial, neutral, or harmful, with examples ranging from finding a spouse to not finding suitable employment after graduating.
In the context of a classroom, rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures would be considered a manifest function of education, as it is an anticipated outcome which is openly recognized and rewarded by the educational institution.