Answer:
A. The property of sound waves that is related to pitch is its frequency. Higher frequency sound waves create higher-pitched sounds, while lower frequency sound waves create lower-pitched sounds.
B. The property of sound waves that is related to volume is its amplitude. Larger amplitude sound waves create louder sounds, while smaller amplitude sound waves create softer sounds.
C. The Doppler effect is the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source. It is commonly observed in sound waves, such as the change in pitch of a siren as an ambulance passes by. The Doppler effect occurs because the relative motion between the wave source and the observer causes a change in the effective distance that the wave travels, resulting in a change in its frequency.
D. The speed of sound varies depending on the state of matter it is traveling through. In general, sound travels fastest through solids, slower through liquids, and slowest through gases. In air at room temperature and pressure, sound travels at a speed of approximately 343 meters per second (1,125 feet per second), while in water, sound travels at a speed of about 1,480 meters per second (4,850 feet per second). In solids such as steel, sound can travel at speeds up to 5,960 meters per second (19,550 feet per second)