Answer:
During translation, elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-G use hydrolysis of the energy GTP (guanosine triphosphate) to successfully complete their tasks.
Step-by-step explanation:
EF-Tu (elongation factor Tu) is responsible for delivering the appropriate aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) to the ribosome during elongation, while EF-G (elongation factor G) facilitates the translocation of the ribosome along the mRNA. Both of these elongation factors require energy in the form of GTP hydrolysis to carry out their functions.
When EF-Tu binds to an aa-tRNA, it undergoes a conformational change that allows it to deliver the aa-tRNA to the A site of the ribosome. After the correct codon-anticodon pairing is established, GTP is hydrolyzed, releasing EF-Tu from the ribosome and allowing peptide bond formation to occur.
Similarly, during translocation, EF-G binds to the ribosome and stimulates the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA. This movement requires the hydrolysis of GTP, which provides the energy needed to break the interactions between the tRNA in the P site and the mRNA, allowing the tRNA to move to the E site and the ribosome to move one codon down the mRNA.
In both cases, GTP hydrolysis provides the energy required for the elongation factors to successfully complete their tasks during translation.