Answer:
Policy-making theories attempt to explain why and how policy-making occurs. These theories provide frameworks for understanding the complex and dynamic nature of policy-making, and they seek to identify the factors that influence policy-making outcomes.
There are many different policy-making theories, each of which emphasizes different aspects of the policy-making process. For example, elite theory emphasizes the role of a small and powerful group of elites in shaping policy outcomes, while pluralist theory emphasizes the importance of interest groups and other stakeholders in the policy-making process.
Other policy-making theories include rational choice theory, which emphasizes the role of self-interest and rational decision-making in policy-making, and institutional theory, which focuses on the influence of formal and informal institutions in shaping policy outcomes. There are also more recent theories, such as advocacy coalition framework, which emphasizes the role of coalitions of actors in shaping policy outcomes.
Overall, policy-making theories provide a useful framework for understanding the complex and dynamic nature of policy-making, and they can help policy analysts and practitioners to identify the key factors that influence policy-making outcomes.