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matrix organization
A matrix organization involves employees moving between project groups based on need and expertise. In a matrix organization, employees are typically assigned to both a functional manager and a project manager. The functional manager oversees the employee's work within their area of expertise, while the project manager oversees the employee's work on specific projects. This allows employees to work on projects that require their specific skills and expertise, while still maintaining a connection to their functional area.
The matrix organization is often used in industries where projects are complex and require input from multiple functional areas, such as engineering, research and development, and marketing. The matrix structure allows for greater flexibility and responsiveness to changing project needs, as employees can be quickly reassigned to different projects as needed.
In contrast, a functional organization is structured around specific functional areas, such as marketing or finance, and employees typically report to a functional manager within their area of expertise. A divisional organization is structured around specific products or services, with employees reporting to a manager within their product or service division. A flatarchy organization is a non-hierarchical structure where decision-making is decentralized and employees are empowered to make decisions and take ownership of their work.