1.) The immediate results of the Persian Wars on Greece include the consolidation of a sense of national identity among the Greek city-states, as they united to fight off a common enemy. The wars also saw the rise of Athens as a dominant naval power in the region, due to their pivotal role in the battles of Marathon, Salamis, and Plataea. The wars also resulted in the decline of the Persian Empire's military and political power, as they suffered significant losses and were unable to conquer Greece.
2.) If the Persian army had conquered the Greek city-states, the course of history would have been dramatically different. The Greek culture and language, which have had a profound influence on Western civilization, may have been suppressed or even eliminated altogether. The development of democracy in Athens may have been halted, and the political and philosophical ideas that emerged from the Greek city-states may never have been shared with the world. Additionally, the spread of Hellenistic culture through the conquests of Alexander the Great may not have occurred, and the political and cultural landscape of the Mediterranean and beyond may have been vastly different