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3. Emerging adulthood is a developmental stage that has been recognized as a distinct period between adolescence and young adulthood. Here are the five characteristics that distinguish emerging adulthood from other age periods:
Identity exploration: Emerging adults are in a stage where they are exploring various roles and possibilities in their lives, such as education, career, and relationships. They are trying to figure out who they are and what they want to be.
Instability: Emerging adults experience instability in many areas of their lives, including work, relationships, and living arrangements. They may be moving frequently or changing jobs frequently as they explore different options.
Self-focus: Emerging adults tend to focus on themselves and their own development during this stage. They may be less concerned with meeting the expectations of others and more focused on personal growth.
Feeling in-between: Emerging adults often feel like they are in-between adolescence and young adulthood, and may not fully identify with either group. They may also feel like they are in-between dependence and independence.
Possibilities and optimism: Emerging adults tend to be optimistic about their future and the possibilities that lie ahead. They are open to new experiences and opportunities and have a sense of optimism about what the future holds.
Overall, emerging adulthood is a time of exploration, instability, and growth. It is characterized by a focus on personal development, a feeling of being in-between stages, and an optimistic view of the future.
4. Cognitive development refers to the changes in thinking, problem-solving, reasoning, and decision-making that occur as individuals grow and mature. Here are some of the changes that occur in cognitive development from adolescence through emerging adulthood and young adulthood:
Adolescence:
Abstract thinking: Adolescents develop the ability to think abstractly and consider hypothetical scenarios.
Metacognition: Adolescents become more self-aware and can reflect on their own thinking processes.
Increased focus on social thinking: Adolescents become more concerned with social thinking, including thinking about others' thoughts and motives.
Egocentrism: Adolescents may still struggle with fully considering other perspectives and may have an inflated sense of their own importance.
Emerging adulthood:
Increased practical thinking: Emerging adults begin to focus more on practical thinking, such as how to apply what they have learned to real-world situations.
Developing expertise: Emerging adults may start to develop expertise in a particular field, which can lead to greater self-confidence in their cognitive abilities.
Personal values: Emerging adults become more aware of their personal values and beliefs, which can impact their thinking and decision-making.
Continuing development: Cognitive development continues in emerging adulthood, although at a slower pace than during adolescence.
Young adulthood:
Consolidation of cognitive abilities: By young adulthood, cognitive abilities become more consolidated and integrated, and individuals are better able to apply their knowledge and skills to real-world situations.
Expertise: Young adults continue to develop expertise in their chosen field, which can lead to greater confidence and success.
Increased perspective-taking: Young adults are better able to take multiple perspectives into account when making decisions.
Limitations: Although cognitive abilities continue to improve, there may be some limitations, such as declines in processing speed and working memory capacity.
Overall, cognitive development continues throughout adolescence, emerging adulthood, and young adulthood. While some cognitive abilities may decline as individuals age, others continue to develop and improve. Additionally, personal values and expertise can impact an individual's thinking and decision-making during these developmental stages.
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