Question

Question refers to the excerpts below.

"Considering that a great part of the territories … within the limits of the United States, is now occupied by savage tribes, who will hereafter be under the exclusive control of the Government of the United States, and whose incursions within the territory of Mexico would be prejudicial in the extreme, it is solemnly agreed that all such incursions shall be forcibly restrained by the Government of the United States whensoever this may be necessary; and … they shall be punished by the said Government … as if the same incursions were meditated or committed within its own territory, against its own citizens."—Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Article XI, 1848

"SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the right of way through the public lands be, and the same is hereby, granted to said company for the construction of said railroad and telegraph line; and the right, power, and authority is hereby given to said company to take from the public lands adjacent to the line of said road, earth, stone, timber, and other materials for the construction thereof; said right of way is granted to said railroad to the extent of two hundred feet in width on each side of said railroad where it may pass over the public lands … The United States shall extinguish as rapidly as may be the Indian titles to all lands falling under the operation of this act and required for the said right of way and; grants hereinafter made."—Pacific Railway Act, 1862

Acquisitions for the Pacific Railway and expansion into regions held by Mexico via the Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo both reflected the

belief that Americans had inherent rights to the land
development of immigrant rights groups advocating minority sanctuaries
desire of Americans to create regions of safety for American Indian groups
influence of trade with regions in the Western Pacific

Answer 1

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in 1848, which allowed the USA to purchase California, New Mexico, Texas, Utah and Colorado for fifteen million dollars, doubling the size United States but also displacing millions of Mexican citizens in new American territory. Pacific Railway Act includes building of the transcontinental railroad opened up the American West to more rapid development. It facilitated the westward expansion which reduced the travel time across the continent and considered one of the greatest technological achievements of 19th century. Both would help to further cultural unity in diverse ethnic populations because new Mexicans were entered in America who have their own culture. Pacific Railway Act also made it easy to travel to America in a short time for the citizens of other nations. It developed the cultural unity in diverse ethnic populations.