Answer:
False. Expectancy theory is a motivation theory that suggests that individuals are motivated to act in certain ways based on their beliefs about the relationship between their efforts, performance, and outcomes. While individualism and collectivism are cultural values that can influence how individuals interpret and respond to motivational cues, expectancy theory is a universal theory of motivation that has been found to hold up well across different cultural contexts. In fact, researchers have found that expectancy theory can be applied effectively in a wide range of cultural settings, and that it can be used to develop effective motivational strategies that are tailored to the specific needs and preferences of individuals in different cultural contexts.