Answer:
The nineteenth century was a time of significant scientific advancement, and the development of new scientific ideas and theories both reflected the influence of the Enlightenment and challenged some of its basic assumptions.
On the one hand, the Enlightenment was characterized by a belief in reason, rationality, and empirical evidence, and these values were central to many scientific discoveries and innovations of the nineteenth century. Scientific developments such as the theory of evolution, the discovery of the laws of electricity and magnetism, and the invention of the steam engine all reflected a commitment to scientific inquiry and experimentation, and helped to establish science as a key source of knowledge and progress in society.
At the same time, however, the scientific discoveries of the nineteenth century also challenged some of the basic assumptions of the Enlightenment. For example, the theory of evolution, which suggested that humans were not created by a divine being but instead evolved from earlier species, challenged traditional religious beliefs and undermined the idea of a static, unchanging world created by God. Similarly, the discovery of new forms of energy and the development of new technologies such as the steam engine challenged traditional understandings of the relationship between humans and the natural world, suggesting that humans could harness and control the forces of nature for their own purposes.
Overall, the scientific developments of the nineteenth century both reflected the influence of the Enlightenment and undermined some of its basic assumptions. While science continued to be seen as a key source of progress and knowledge, the new discoveries and technologies of the era challenged traditional ways of thinking and opened up new debates and controversies about the nature of the world and humanity's place in it.