Answer:
The art movement that experimented with patterns to affect visual perception and was popular in the United States and Europe in the 1960s was Op Art, short for Optical Art.
Op Art emerged in the mid-1960s as a reaction against the abstract expressionism of the previous decade. Op Art artists used geometric shapes, bright colors, and optical illusions to create works of art that appeared to move, vibrate, or pulsate in the viewer's perception. The movement was influenced by scientific research on visual perception and the psychology of vision, and aimed to create a heightened sense of visual experience and engagement.
Some of the most famous Op Art artists include Bridget Riley, Victor Vasarely, and Richard Anuszkiewicz. Their art has been exhibited in major museums around the world and continues to influence contemporary artists and designers today