Answer:
- There are 5040 different ways to arrange the 7 books on a shelf.
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Use the formula for permutations:
- n! = n × (n - 1) × (n - 2) × ... × 1, where n is the number of objects and ! denotes a factorial.
The number of objects is n = 7 books.
Calculate the factorial:
- 7! = 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 5040