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a diver shines a flashlight upward from beneath the water at a 42.5 angle to the vertical. does the beam of light leave the water?

User AKB
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Whether or not the beam of light will leave the water depends on the refractive index of the water and the angle of incidence of the light. If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, then the beam of light will be entirely reflected back into the water. If the angle of incidence is less than the critical angle, then some of the light will be refracted out of the water and the beam of light will leave the water. Without knowing the exact refractive index of the water, I cannot give a definitive answer, but in general, for most water conditions, it is likely that the beam of light will partially leave the water at an angle that is less than 42.5 degrees to the vertical.
User AskNilesh
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