Answer:
The correct answer is d. interprets / crust.
Step-by-step explanation:
Historical geology is a subfield of geology that studies the changes that have occurred on Earth over time, with a focus on the interpretation of the rock record. It involves analyzing the different layers of the Earth's crust and the fossils found within them to understand the history of the planet, including the geological processes that have shaped it, such as plate tectonics, erosion, and volcanic activity. Therefore, historical geology interprets the changes that have occurred in the Earth's crust, rather than identifying changes in the mantle or atmosphere.