Final answer:
The correct answer is d) hydronium, hydroxide, following the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases. Acids produce hydronium (H3O+) ions, whereas bases produce hydroxide (OH-) ions when dissolved in water.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the Arrhenius definition, acids produce hydronium ions when dissolved in water, and bases produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Therefore, the correct answer to fill the blanks is: d) hydronium, hydroxide.
An Arrhenius acid increases the concentration of H+ ions, which in the presence of water leads to the formation of hydronium ions (H3O+). For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) is dissolved in water, it dissociates to release H+ ions, which interact with water molecules to form hydronium ions.
Conversely, an Arrhenius base increases the concentration of OH- ions in aqueous solution. For instance, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) when dissolved in water, dissociates to release hydroxide ions (OH-).