Final answer:
The author describes the link between mental wellness and being outdoors by drawing on historical perspectives, literary examples, and recent research to support the notion that natural environments positively influence psychological well-being.
Step-by-step explanation:
In paragraphs 9-11, the author unfolds his ideas about the link between mental wellness and being outdoors by presenting various perspectives and research findings. The author references historical figures like Thoreau and Muir, who believed in freedom of mind through simple living and the transformative power of wilderness, respectively. These sentiments are further reinforced through modern scientific assertions by thinkers like E. O. Wilson, who posits that humans are evolutionarily adapted to thrive in natural settings, and that built environments can introduce stressors detrimental to our health.
The author also describes the mental restoration experienced by Deborah, a character who finds solace in nature's beauty, which underlines the theme of nature being a source for psychological regeneration. Additionally, recent empirical studies showing health benefits, such as reduced obesity and improved psychological well-being from activities like community gardening and engaging with green spaces, support the connection between nature and mental health. The author applies these examples to argue for the essential role of nature in promoting human psychological well-being.
To summarize, the author systematically presents historical viewpoints, literary characters, and current research to validate the relationship between exposure to nature and improved mental wellness, thus advancing the discourse that being outdoors is vital for one's mental health.