Māori men in modern prisons in New Zealand face disproportionately high levels of incarceration, with Māori accounting for over half of the prison population while only making up around 15% of the general population. Reasons for this include socio-economic disparities in education, employment, and housing, as well as the overrepresentation of Māori in the criminal justice system due to institutional racism and systemic bias. There is also evidence that Māori are more likely to be arrested, convicted, and sentenced for similar offences as non-Māori. Additionally, Māori men in prison often experience poorer outcomes due to inadequate access to health, education, and rehabilitation services.