Question

What does the term "gender" refer to? How is it different from "sex"? Next, differentiate between gender roles, gender identity, and gender typing.

Answer 1

Gender refers to social and cultural characteristics, while sex refers to biological characteristics. Gender roles, gender identity, and gender typing are concepts related to societal expectations of behavior and identity.

Step-by-step explanation:

The term gender refers to the social and cultural characteristics of masculine and feminine behavior, while sex denotes the biological characteristics that differentiate males and females. Gender and sex are not always synchronous, and individuals who strongly identify with the opposing gender are considered transgender.

Gender roles refer to the societal expectations and norms regarding the behaviors, attitudes, and activities deemed appropriate for males and females. These roles often vary across different cultures and societies.

Gender identity refers to an individual's deeply felt sense of being male, female, or something outside of the traditional binary gender categories. It is an internal sense of one's own gender, which may or may not align with their assigned sex at birth.

Gender typing refers to the process through which individuals acquire and conform to the societal expectations and norms associated with their assigned sex. It involves the internalization of gender roles and behaviors prescribed by society.

Heterosexism refers to the systemic belief that heterosexuality is the only valid or acceptable sexual orientation, resulting in the marginalization and discrimination of individuals who do not identify as heterosexual.

Homophobia refers to the fear, prejudice, or discrimination against individuals who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

Answer 2

"Gender" is a mental state/identity based upon how you feel and perceive yourself. "Sex" is a label based on biological characteristics such as reproductive organs.

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A gender role is "the role or behavior learned by a person as "appropriate" to their gender" such as "women should stay in the kitchen" or "boys only like blue".

A gender identity is "a person's perception of having a particular gender, which may or may not correspond with their birth sex". This is why transgender people exist- because one's gender identity doesn't always correspond with their sex.

Gender typing is "the process by which a child becomes aware of their gender and thus behaves accordingly by adopting values and attributes of members of the sex that they identify as their own." such as a child perceiving themself as female and acting in ways that they believe are consistent with their gender identity.