1. Mitosis and meiosis are two processes involved in cell division in human cells, but they have several differences and similarities.
Similarities:
Both processes involve the duplication of genetic material, including the chromosomes.
Both processes occur in eukaryotic cells.
Both processes are preceded by the replication of DNA.
Differences:
Mitosis is a process of asexual reproduction, while meiosis is a process of sexual reproduction.
In mitosis, one cell divides into two identical daughter cells, while in meiosis, one cell divides into four genetically diverse daughter cells.
Mitosis occurs in all somatic cells, while meiosis occurs only in germ cells.
2. A homozygous dominant genotype is when an individual has two copies of the same dominant allele for a specific gene. In genetic notation, it is represented by two capital letters, such as "AA". This individual will express the dominant trait because the dominant allele masks the effect of the recessive allele.
A homozygous recessive genotype is when an individual has two copies of the same recessive allele for a specific gene. In genetic notation, it is represented by two lowercase letters, such as "aa". This individual will express the recessive trait because there is no dominant allele to mask its effect.
3. A heterozygous genotype is when an individual has two different alleles for a specific gene, one dominant and one recessive. In genetic notation, it is represented by one capital letter and one lowercase letter, with the capital letter representing the dominant allele and the lowercase letter representing the recessive allele. For example, "Aa" is a heterozygous genotype, where "A" is the dominant allele and "a" is the recessive allele.