Answer:
An understanding of forces, particularly gravity and friction, as well as some familiarity with kinetic and potential energy. An understanding of Newton's second law of motion and basic motion concepts such as Gravity, Velocity, Potential Energy And Kinetic Energy, Friction, Acceleration,Magnetism,Electricity.
Step-by-step explanation:
- Gravitation: Gravity is the force that draws all objects toward the Earth's center and is the single most important physics concept related to roller coasters. In essence, once a roller coaster disengages from the initial chain lift or propulsion force, gravity ensures that it completes its course along the track. Gravity is also felt by riders in terms of both positive and negative forces that seem to push riders deeper into their seats or pull them up out of them, an exciting sensation that many thrill seekers relish.
- Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy: These two related concepts govern the changes in a coaster's speed and height. Simply put, the higher an object is off the ground, the more potential energy it has - that is, potential to gain speed as it falls. As it falls toward the ground, that potential energy changes to kinetic energy, or energy of motion. The sum of the two types of energy is constant, but a roller coaster must maintain an adequate balance of potential and kinetic energies to deliver a thrilling ride.
- Friction: Physics formulas and calculations must include friction as a key factor for roller coasters, because friction is a force that can significantly slow a ride. Contact between the train and the air and between the wheels and the track all impose friction on the ride.
- Acceleration: Frequently confused with speed, acceleration is actually a change in velocity - which can be a change either in speed or direction. Therefore, a roller coaster is accelerating through loops and curves even if its speed remains constant.
- Magnetism: Many high tech rides use electromagnets either as a form Optics: Optical sensors help computer systems control where the ride is and how it is operating propulsion or braking, and the magnets must be precisely timed and calibrated for safe operation.
- Electricity: Proper electricity is vital to roller coasters, from actually running the ride to powering the lights that decorate it.