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Discuss the difference between formal and informal political

participation in the Middle East.
How do informal politics influence formal political decision
making?

User Fiskah
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informal decision-making uses intuitive reasoning and is subject to cognitive biases, whereas formal decision-making uses effortful, logical reasoning.

Formal political theory is a mathematical theory of politics. It models political actions, outcomes, arrangements, and institutions as formal structures, or as a set of abstract concepts and propositions.
User MakerModder
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