Charles Martel was a Frankish military and political leader who lived in the 8th century. He was the de facto ruler of the Frankish kingdom and was instrumental in defeating an Islamic invasion of Europe at the Battle of Tours in 732. Martel also consolidated Frankish power and reorganized the army, laying the foundation for the Carolingian Empire. He died in 741 and was succeeded by his sons Pepin the Short and Carloman.