D. The South's economy was based upon agriculture and slave labor, while the North's economy was based upon industrialization and wage labor.
During the Antebellum era, the Southern economy was primarily based on agriculture, particularly the production of cotton, tobacco, and sugar, which were grown on large plantations using slave labor. The Southern economy was also heavily reliant on exports of these crops to foreign markets. In contrast, the Northern economy was driven by industrialization and manufacturing, with cities such as Boston, New York, and Philadelphia becoming major centers of commerce and industry. The North also had a larger population and greater access to transportation and communication networks, which facilitated economic growth and development. The North's economy relied on wage labor rather than slave labor, and while the North did have some agriculture, it was not as dominant a feature of the economy as it was in the South.