Question

- We can tell these are homologous chromosomes because ________. The genotype of this plant is ________ because ________. The phenotype of this plant is ________ because ________ . These alleles would be separated from each other during ________. Two pea plant height alleles would be brought back together into a cell during ________.

Answer 1

Homologous chromosomes have the same linear order of genes and are similar copies of each other. The genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while the phenotype refers to the physical expression of traits. During meiosis, alleles are separated, and during fertilization, they are brought back together.

Step-by-step explanation:

Homologous chromosomes have the same linear order of genes and are similar copies of each other, one from each parent. Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual and in this case, the plant's genotype is YY or yy, depending on the alleles it carries. Phenotype refers to the physical expression of traits, and for this plant, the phenotype is tall or short, depending on the height alleles it carries. These alleles would be separated from each other during meiosis, specifically during the process of crossing over. Two pea plant height alleles would be brought back together into a cell during fertilization.

Answer 2

Homologous chromosomes have the same linear order of genes on each pair in diploid organisms like peas. Genotype and phenotype depend on specific alleles present. Meiosis and fertilization separate and bring together alleles, respectively.

Step-by-step explanation:

Homologous chromosomes have the same linear order of genes on each pair, and are found in diploid organisms such as peas. The genotype of a plant refers to its genetic makeup, and in this case, it would depend on the specific alleles present. The phenotype of a plant refers to its physical characteristics, and again, this would depend on the specific alleles present. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate, ensuring that each gamete receives one copy of each chromosome. During fertilization, gametes unite, bringing together alleles from both parents.