The idea that people who have committed crimes evaluate the benefits and costs of the contemplated criminal act and their choice is structured by the fear of punishment falls under the rational choice theory of criminology.
The rational choice theory assumes that individuals are rational actors who make decisions based on a cost-benefit analysis. When it comes to crime, individuals weigh the potential benefits of committing a crime against the potential costs, including the risk of punishment. According to this theory, if the benefits outweigh the costs, individuals are more likely to commit a crime.
Rational choice theory also suggests that individuals engage in crime for reasons other than financial gain, such as revenge or emotional gratification. The theory suggests that individuals make choices based on their personal preferences and circumstances.
Overall, the rational choice theory of criminology posits that individuals make choices based on their self-interest, and that criminal behavior is no exception.